TABLE FOR QUARKS AND LEPTONS AND THEIR CARRIERS OF FORCE
The particles with spin ½ in the standard model: quarks and leptons.
|
First Generation |
Second Generation |
Third Generation |
| Quarks |
Up Down |
Charm Strange |
Top Bottom |
| Leptons |
Electron Electron neutrino |
Muon Muon neutrino |
Tauon Tauon neutrino |
The succeeding generations represent always higher energies (effective masses) for the
concerning particles. The muon is to consider as a heavy electron, the tauon as heavy
muon, etc.
The up, charm and top quark have all a charge + 2/3 and the down, strange and bottom
have a charge -1/3 of the electron charge.
The electron, muon and tauon have all a charge -1 of the electron charge. The neutrinos
are all neutral with charge zero.
For each of the mentioned particles exist a corresponding anti particle. There are then
12 quarks and 12 leptons in totally.
The particles with spin 1 in the standard model: photons, gluons and vector
bosons.
| Electromagnetic interaction |
Photons (1 sort) |
| Weak interaction |
Vector bosons (3 sorts) |
| Strong interaction |
Gluons (8 sorts) |
These particles, photons, vector bosons and gluons, also called carriers of force, are
responsible for the mutual interactions between particles with spin 1/2.
The total number of these carriers of force amounts to twelve.
The particles with spin 2: gravitons.
| Gravitational interaction |
Gravitons |
There exists an assumption in the quantum theory, that the carriers of force of the
gravitational interaction are particles with spin 2. These are then the gravitons.
According to the theory of super strings there exists only one particle, of which the
size of the spin is determinative for how we see the particle. The spin 0,1 and 2
particles are the carriers of force for the spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 particles.
See also The particle
Adventure for young and old.
Table of contents.
<< 1 TEXTS ABOUT OUR SPACE-TIME
<< 2 THE SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM
<< 3 THE SPACE-TIME IN THE MACROCOSM
<< 4 THE SPACE-TIME IN THE MICROCOSM
<< 5 SPACE-TIME DIAGRAMS FOR PARTICLES AND
PHOTONS
<< 6 TABLE FOR QUARKS AND HADRONS
== 7 TABLE FOR QUARKS AND LEPTONS
>>
8 THE WINDOWS OF TIME FOR OUR SPACE
>> 9 TERMINOLOGY FOR COSMOLOGY
>> 10 MATHEMATICAL APPENDIX PART 1 | PART 2
>> 11 SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTERS
>> 12 REFERENCES AND LITERATURE
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